京都,日本茶道的發源地,蘊含著抹茶文化的精髓。本文將帶您深入探索京都抹茶的世界,從歷史淵源到製作工藝,開啟一段充滿禪意與美學的奇妙旅程。
茶の學問
日本茶主要分為綠茶、烏龍茶、紅茶和黑茶四大類。其中,綠茶產量佔了九成,是日本茶的主流。綠茶又細分為八個種類:玉露、抹茶、煎茶、番茶、莖茶、粉茶、焙茶和玄米茶。
玉露和抹茶屬於高級品,需要特定的方法栽培;煎茶是最普通的綠茶,佔日本茶消費的八成;番茶和粉茶則多用來製作茶包。

抹茶Vs綠茶
抹茶是綠茶的一種,但其種植和製作過程更為嚴謹。抹茶每年只在春天種植,並且要遮蓋茶樹以避免陽光直射,這樣可以抑制茶氨酸的生成,增加葉綠素,使抹茶的苦澀味減少。
採摘後的茶菁經過蒸菁、風冷乾燥製成碾茶,再用天然石磨磨成細微粉末,這些粉末就是抹茶。無論是抹茶還是綠茶,都含有豐富的抗氧化成分,對健康有益。

抹茶又叫「宇治」?
日本出產抹茶最有名的地方包括靜岡縣、愛知縣西尾、福岡八女和京都宇治。其中,宇治的名氣最大。只有在宇治市及其周邊指定產區出產的抹茶才能被稱為「宇治抹茶」,這代表了純正的抹茶血統。

品嘗抹茶的工具
最傳統的品嘗抹茶方法是日本茶道。飲用時,在茶碗中注入沸水,用茶筅快速攪動,形成細密均勻的泡沫。從選取茶碗、茶壺、燒水、茶筅,到茶室中的掛軸、插花和點心,都非常講究。常見的品茶工具包括:
茶碗:用來盛放抹茶和熱水。茶碗的形狀和大小會影響抹茶的攪拌效果和飲用體驗。茶碗通常有寬口,便於使用茶筅攪拌。
茶壺:用來燒水和倒水。茶壺的設計通常考慮到倒水的流速和溫度控制,確保能夠準確地將適量的熱水倒入茶碗中。
燒水:這是指加熱水的過程,通常使用專門的燒水壺或電熱水壺。水的溫度對抹茶的味道有很大影響,通常需要使用80°C左右的熱水來沖泡抹茶。
茶筅:用來攪拌抹茶和熱水,使其充分混合並產生細膩的泡沫。茶筅通常由竹子製成,有多根細竹條,能夠有效地攪拌抹茶。
這些工具共同作用,確保每一杯抹茶都能達到最佳的口感和質感。

濃茶、薄茶之分
不少人到日本都會買抹茶粉回去自用或當手信。抹茶分為濃茶、薄茶和食用品抹茶。濃茶味濃而無泡,價格最貴;薄茶較淡且有泡,兩者可用於茶道。作烘焙時,一般使用薄茶或食品用抹茶。

資料來源:


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